{"id":12363,"date":"2024-06-03T19:44:40","date_gmt":"2024-06-03T18:44:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.herbalreality.com\/?post_type=herb&#038;p=12363"},"modified":"2025-07-03T08:50:22","modified_gmt":"2025-07-03T07:50:22","slug":"hibiscus","status":"publish","type":"herb","link":"https:\/\/www.herbalreality.com\/herb\/hibiscus\/","title":{"rendered":"Hibiscus"},"content":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"featured_media":12491,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":"","beyondwords_generate_audio":"1","beyondwords_project_id":"47224","beyondwords_content_id":"97b12a84-83ab-4464-bffc-c8e7aecc510f","beyondwords_preview_token":"de167dd8-0e3a-4e30-8653-d267fa5a4c68","beyondwords_player_content":"","beyondwords_player_style":"","beyondwords_language_code":"","beyondwords_language_id":"","beyondwords_title_voice_id":"","beyondwords_body_voice_id":"","beyondwords_summary_voice_id":"","beyondwords_error_message":"","beyondwords_disabled":"","beyondwords_delete_content":"","beyondwords_podcast_id":"","beyondwords_hash":"","publish_post_to_speechkit":"","speechkit_hash":"","speechkit_generate_audio":"","speechkit_project_id":"","speechkit_podcast_id":"","speechkit_error_message":"","speechkit_disabled":"","speechkit_access_key":"","speechkit_error":"","speechkit_info":"","speechkit_response":"","speechkit_retries":"","speechkit_status":"","speechkit_updated_at":"","_speechkit_link":"","_speechkit_text":""},"tags":[1753,1752,1259,1635,1751],"conditions":[694,698,695,700,697],"sustainability":[1575],"sense":[31,786,28,30,27],"western_action":[989,992,1823,994,996,997,1000,1005,1009,1010,1011,1012,1018],"chinese_action":[],"ayurvedic_action":[],"energetics_action":[1492,1499,1541,1557,1382,1533,1487,1554,1543,1558,1560,1552,1556,1562,1496,1538,1494,1549],"region":[1898],"class_list":["post-12363","herb","type-herb","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","tag-anti-hyperglycaemic","tag-anti-hyperlipidaemic","tag-antihypertensive","tag-hypotensive","tag-refrigerant","conditions-cardiovascular-system","conditions-reproductive-system","conditions-respiratory-system","conditions-skin","conditions-urinary-system","sustainability-amber-sustainability-status","sense-astringent-taste","sense-cooling","sense-mucilaginous","sense-sharp","sense-sweet","western_action-alterative","western_action-anti-inflammatory","western_action-antihyperlipidemic","western_action-antioxidant","western_action-antirheumatic","western_action-antispasmodic","western_action-astringent","western_action-demulcent","western_action-emmenagogue","western_action-expectorant","western_action-febrifuge","western_action-galactagogue","western_action-relaxant","energetics_action-toning","energetics_action-astringent","energetics_action-astringent-post-digestive-effect-vipaka","energetics_action-blood","energetics_action-cool","energetics_action-cooling","energetics_action-dry","energetics_action-kapha-constitution-dosha","energetics_action-light","energetics_action-muscle","energetics_action-nervous","energetics_action-pitta-constitution-dosha","energetics_action-plasma","energetics_action-reproductive","energetics_action-sour","energetics_action-sour-post-digestive-effect-vipaka","energetics_action-sweet","energetics_action-vata","region-traditional-chinese-herbs"],"acf":{"last_reviewed":"20240603","herb_author":null,"banner_text":"Hibiscus is traditionally used to treat high blood pressure","latin_name":"<em>Hibiscus sabdariffa \/ Hibiscus rosa-sinensis<\/em>","pseudonym_name":"","family_name":"Malvaceae","herb_summary":"Hibiscus is an important medicine for cardiovascular health that has been well researched for its hypotensive effects. Herbalists also use hibiscus to support urinary system, specifically in the treatment of cystitis and recurrent urinary tract infections.","key_benefits":"Cardiovascular diseases\r\nHigh blood pressure\r\nUrinary tract inflammation\r\nDiabetes\r\nObesity and hyperlipidaemia\r\nAntioxidant\r\nCoughs","how_does_it_feel":"<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hibiscus has a fruity, sweet and sour taste profile. An infusion made from hibiscus flowers is pleasant, refreshing and easy to drink. It also has an astringent quality that can be sensed upon tasting with a distinct puckering or drying action in the mouth. <\/span>","hdif_image_1":12364,"hdif_image_2":12365,"hdif_image_3":12489,"hdif_video":"","sense":[31,786,28,30,27],"what_can_i_use_it_for":"[caption id=\"attachment_12489\" align=\"alignright\" width=\"600\"]<img class=\"size-medium wp-image-12489\" src=\"https:\/\/i.herbalreality.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/18132634\/Hibiscus-flowering-Hibiscus-sabdariffa-600x451.jpg\" alt=\"Hibiscus flowering (Hibiscus sabdariffa)\" width=\"600\" height=\"451\" \/> Hibiscus flowering (<em>Hibiscus sabdariffa<\/em>)[\/caption]\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hibiscus is a popular herbal tea that can be taken as a cold or hot infusion. It is rich in many nutrients and bioactive substances that have a wide range of benefits to health. One such group of compounds in hibiscus are a<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">nthocyanins. These powerful antioxidant compounds are what give hibiscus its rich red colour <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(1).<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hibiscus has many benefits to systemic health through these antioxidant qualities, supporting the cardiovascular system and improving the health of the mucous membranes throughout the body. Hibiscus helps to improve the appearance of the skin, brightening the complexion and promoting hair growth (2).<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is useful for those who are prone to <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.herbalreality.com\/condition\/urinary-tract-infections\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">urinary tract infections<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (UTIs) as it helps to nourish and repair the inflamed tissues. Hibiscus is an important herb for cystitis and as part of a healing strategy for recurrent UTIs both during and after. It works via an astringent and anti-inflammatory action. Hibiscus also has antimicrobial actives and mild diuretic actions which help to flush out the urinary tract (2,3).<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">NOTE: It is, however, important to note that whilst hibiscus may be able to assist in healing of the urinary tract, it cannot be used alone to treat the infection itself (3). One must ensure that UTIs are treated appropriately to tackle the infection, either by consulting a medical herbalist or under treatment of a qualified medical professional. Hibiscus is often used alongside diuretic herbs like <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.herbalreality.com\/herb\/corn-silk\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">corn silk<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and anti-infectives such as uva-ursi or juniper berry. A herbalist will often advise a course of herbal treatment along with dietary changes and other supplements to create a lasting resolution, as well as to reduce the chances of recurring infections.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">One of hibiscus\u2019s most popular uses is for the treatment of <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.herbalreality.com\/condition\/high-blood-pressure\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">hypertension<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (high blood pressure). It is best to work alongside a quailed medical herbalist if you have moderate to severe hypertension. However, hibiscus can be used as a home remedy in mild hypertension or prophylactically to help maintain healthy blood pressure. It also offers great benefit to the physiological health of the cardiovascular system (4).<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hibiscus has a number of benefits to metabolic health, as it has been found to reduce blood lipids and blood sugars as well as to address obesity via a number of effects on body weight. Obesity and high blood pressure along with high levels of fat and sugar in the blood can lead to increased risk of serious cardiovascular disease. Hibiscus may be used to help maintain healthy metabolic function and reduce the risks of cardiovascular disease (5).<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> rosa-sinensis<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> cold infusion is an easy and effective remedy to help bring down a fever. It may also be helpful to reduce virally induced respiratory inflammation that leads to a cough (2).<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> sabdariffa<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">H. rosa-sinensis<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> are both often referenced for use in treating high blood pressure, although much of the research for this has been focused on <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">H. sabdariffa<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2014 the most commonly used species. Both have powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, whilst <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">H. rosa-sinensis<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is referenced more frequently for coughs and bronchitis (6, 7).<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","into_the_heart_of":"[caption id=\"attachment_12365\" align=\"alignright\" width=\"600\"]<img class=\"size-medium wp-image-12365\" src=\"https:\/\/i.herbalreality.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/03193434\/Hibiscus-flower-close-up-Hibiscus-sabdariffa-600x395.jpg\" alt=\"Hibiscus flower close up (Hibiscus sabdariffa)\" width=\"600\" height=\"395\" \/> Hibiscus flower close up (<em>Hibiscus sabdariffa<\/em>)[\/caption]\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hibiscus is sweet, cooling and drying in terms of energetic qualities. It has a rejuvenating action on the cardiovascular system which is attributed to its antioxidant and blood purifying qualities. These combined actions reach out to every cell in the body (2).\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The tissue state that is most indicated for hibiscus is classically one that is inflamed, hot and \u2018excited\u2019. This may refer to pathological heat, which may be caused by excess toxins in circulation around the body, viruses and other pathogens, that classically refers to inflammation or excitation (overactivity) in the tissues. The sour, refrigerant energetic quality of hibiscus is classically applied in the treatment of conditions of this nature, to calm and regulate the physiological activities of the mucous membranes (8).\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In Ayurvedic medicine, <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">H. rosa-sinensis<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is deemed to have cooling and refrigerant actions. These are applied where there is heat and inflammation or congestion and tension particularly \u2014 in the mucous membranes of the urinary and reproductive systems (2).<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In Ayurveda,<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> H. rosa-sinensis <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">is considered a sacred herb that can be used to increase spiritual connectivity in meditation of devotional ceremonies. It is a remedy of the emotional, spiritual and physical heart that combines well with rose flowers (2).<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The constitutional system in Ayurveda refers to the three doshas; vata, pitta and kapha. Their energies are believed to circulate in the body and govern physical, mental and emotional characteristics. They are described as follows; vata \u2014 controls basic bodily functions as well as the mind; pitta \u2014 governs metabolism, digestion and hormones linked to appetite; kapha \u2014 is responsible for strength and stability, muscle growth, weight and the immune system.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hibiscus is PK- V+, which means that it is indicated where there is excess or imbalance of pitta and kapha in the body. It increases or rejuvenates the qualities of vata (2).<\/span>","tradtional_uses":"[caption id=\"attachment_12369\" align=\"alignright\" width=\"600\"]<img class=\"size-medium wp-image-12369\" src=\"https:\/\/i.herbalreality.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/03193442\/Hibiscus-plants-Hibiscus-sabdariffa-600x400.jpg\" alt=\"Hibiscus plants (Hibiscus sabdariffa)\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" \/> Hibiscus plants (<em>Hibiscus sabdariffa<\/em>)[\/caption]\r\n<h3><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">sabdaffira<\/span><\/i><\/h3>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">So named \u2018karkade\u2019 in Egypt and Sudan, is used for its refrigerant properties to help lower the body temperature. An infusion of hibiscus is referenced for many medicinal uses including to treat cardiovascular and nervous disorders. It is also used to stimulate diuresis. In other parts of North Africa the flowers of hibiscus are used to relieve coughs, sore throats, and genital problems. A poultice of the leaf is used for treating external wounds and abscesses. In Iran, hibiscus tea is a traditional treatment for <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">hypertension<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (1).<\/span>\r\n<h3><em><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> rosa-sinens<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">is<\/span><\/em><\/h3>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The roots, leaves and flowers of<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> H. rosa-sinensis <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">have a long history of traditional use in Indonesia and Malaysia. A decoction of the root was used to relieve the symptoms of venereal disease, fever and sore eyes. It was also believed that roots made from plants with white or red flowers would serve as an antidote to poison. The juice of the white flower was used for mouth ulcers. Flowers were infused in hot water and drunk for their expectorant qualities in the treatment of bronchitis.\u00a0 The white-coloured flower buds were ingested to treat <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">hypertension<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, whilst the leaves were used topically<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">as poultices for boils and sores, as well as to relieve headaches and inflammation (6).<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\r\n<\/span>","what_practioners_say":"[caption id=\"attachment_12364\" align=\"alignright\" width=\"600\"]<img class=\"size-medium wp-image-12364\" src=\"https:\/\/i.herbalreality.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/03193432\/Hibiscus-Hibiscus-rosa-sinensis-e1717439835981-600x400.jpg\" alt=\"Hibiscus (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis)\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" \/> Hibiscus (<em>Hibiscus rosa-sinensis<\/em>)[\/caption]\r\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cardiovascular system<\/span><\/h3>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hibiscus has been studied extensively for its ability to lower blood pressure with positive results in lowering both systolic and diastolic blood pressure (4). <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hypertension<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is one of the most commonly indicated conditions for the use of hibiscus. The mechanism of hibiscus for the treatment of hypertension includes angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition, vasodilation, and diuretic effects (9).<\/span>\r\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Reproductive system<\/span><\/h3>\r\n<i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> rosa-sinensis<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> may be used as part of a treatment approach to address dysmenorrhea and menoragghia. It has antispasmodic and relaxant actions that may affect the uterine smooth muscle and reduce symptoms in these conditions (2). This application is most referenced in Ayurvedic medicine and less commonly seen in Western or traditional Chinese herbalism (2).<\/span>\r\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Urinary system<\/span><\/h3>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hibiscus is commonly used for cystitis and painful urination. It is both anti-inflammatory and antispasmodic, which may help relieve the pain and discomfort of this condition (2). Hibiscus shows promise as a remedy that improves the health in the mucous membranes within the urinary tract. This is likely due to its rich anthocyanins content. Anthocyanins are antimicrobial and antioxidant compounds. As such, hibiscus may be useful to counteract the recurrence of <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">urinary tract infections<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(2,3).<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hibiscus may be paired with <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.herbalreality.com\/herb\/propolis\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">propolis<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in the treatment of urinary tract infections. It may be incorporated into a prophylactic prescription for recurrent urinary tract infections and cystitis. It would be best used in combination with other herbs to address tissue condition, bacterial or inflammatory afflictions.<\/span>\r\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Respiratory system<\/span><\/h3>\r\n<i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> rosa-sinensis<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is well documented for its anti-inflammatory properties with a strong history of use in bronchial asthma in India. This may also be partly due to its essential nutrient content, such as calcium, magnesium, zinc, and potassium, which can help in the management of bronchial asthma (7).<\/span>","research":"[caption id=\"attachment_12371\" align=\"alignright\" width=\"600\"]<img class=\"size-medium wp-image-12371\" src=\"https:\/\/i.herbalreality.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/03193449\/closed-Hibiscus-flowers-Hibiscus-sabdariffa-600x400.jpg\" alt=\"closed Hibiscus flowers (Hibiscus sabdariffa)\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" \/> closed Hibiscus flowers (<em>Hibiscus sabdariffa<\/em>)[\/caption]\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There has been a significant amount of research into the use of hibiscus for hypertension including clinical trials. A number of studies and systematic reviews have been included below to surmount the evidence for some of the traditional medicinal actions discussed in this monograph.<\/span>\r\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Effect of <em>Hibiscus sabdariffa<\/em> on arterial hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials<\/span><\/h3>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) was carried out to assess the potential antihypertensive effects of <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">H. sabdariffa. <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Five RCTs were included for the meta-analysis to investigate effects of systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP). In total, 390 participants were randomised, 225 of whom received <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">H. sabdariffa <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">supplementation and 165 received placebo. The meta-analysis confirms significant hypotensive effects in the intervention (4).<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A controlled, randomized clinical trial was performed to identify the comparable antihypertensive effectiveness and tolerability of a standardised extract from <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">H. sabdariffa<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> against the pharmaceutical drug captopril. Patients aged 30 to 80 years old with diagnosed hypertension who had been without intervention for one month were recruited. Subjects were randomised to receive either infusion prepared with 10 g <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">H. sabdariffa<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (standardised with 9.6 mg anthocyanins), daily before breakfast, or captopril 25 mg twice a day. The study period was four weeks.\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The study demonstrates that <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">H. sabdariffa<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> was able to decrease the systolic and diastolic blood pressure to within normal range. The study concludes that standardised <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">H. sabdariffa<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> extract and captopril were equally as effective in the treatment of mild to moderate hypertension (10).<\/span>\r\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A systematic review of studies as evidence for hypoglycaemic and hypocholesterolaemic effects of Hibiscus <em>rosa-sinensis<\/em> tea<\/span><\/h3>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A systematic review was carried out to evaluate the evidence for the use of <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">H. rosa-sinensis<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> tea in the management of high cholesterol and high blood sugar. The findings revealed that frequent intake of homemade tea of <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">H. rosa-sinensis<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is adequate to induce anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hyperlipidemic actions, which may contribute to herbal therapeutic approach in controlling diabetes and hypercholesterolemia without causing acute toxicity (11).<\/span>\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_12366\" align=\"alignleft\" width=\"600\"]<img class=\"size-medium wp-image-12366\" src=\"https:\/\/i.herbalreality.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/03193436\/Hibiscus-flower-plant-Hibiscus-sabdariffa-600x400.jpg\" alt=\"Hibiscus flower plant (Hibiscus sabdariffa)\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" \/> Hibiscus flower plant (<em>Hibiscus sabdariffa<\/em>)[\/caption]\r\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Study on <em>H. sabdaffira<\/em> in the treatment of dyslipidemia in adolescents with obesity<\/span><\/h3>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This study carried out on <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">H. sabdaffira<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> investigated the herb\u2019s effects on adolescents with dyslipidemia and obesity. This triple masked, placebo controlled trial enrolled 90 adolescents aged between 12\u201318 years old who were randomised to receive 6 g of powdered hibiscus or placebo in divided doses for a period of four weeks. The study demonstrated that hibiscus supplementation significantly modulated triglyceride and LDL concentrations in obese adolescents (12). This study is described as a triple-blind, however the paper does not elucidate to this methodology.<\/span>\r\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em>Sabdariffa<\/em> in the treatment of obesity and fatty liver disease<\/span><\/h3>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Further research has been carried out to explore the effects of <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">H. sabdariffa<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in obesity. One study showed a decrease in waist circumference, percent body fat, waist-to-hip ratio as well as improved liver steatosis in patients aged 18\u201365 who had been diagnosed with obesity and fatty liver disease. Hibiscus contains many bioactive compounds that have been shown to affect weight loss and lipid metabolism, including galloyl ester, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, quercetin, tiliroside, and anthocyanins (5).<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These works afford us a deeper insight into the medicinal activities of these fascinating plants and show they have significant potential beyond many of their current uses.<\/span><b>\r\n<\/b>","did_you_know":"<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In India, hibiscus flowers are sacred to Ganesh \u2014 the elephant god who is associated with wisdom (2).<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chinese hibiscus is the national flower of Malaysia. In the Malay language, the plant is known as bunga raya, which means \u201cgreat flower\u201d (6).<\/span>","additional_information_right":{"illustration":12490},"additional_information_left":{"botany":"<i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> sabdarifffa <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">is<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">an annual, or biennial, upright herb that can grows up to about 1.5 meters high. The long-stalked leaves are various, continuous-margined, toothed, lobed, or three-parted to five-parted, the lobes pointed. The uppermost leaves are usually small and lance-shaped and the lowermost can reach 20 cm in diameter. The flowers are short-stalked in the upper leaf-axils which are lance-shaped and hairy with around 10 bractlets that appear as a whorl of inflorescence. They can develop in size to about 10 to 12 mm long. They have a red calyx which is about 2 cm long when in flower. On fruiting this can grow up to 3 to 3.5 cm long. The lance-shaped lobes are pointed with 4 or 5 cm long petals that are usually yellow or pin-red in colour \u2014 commonly with a purple base. The capsule is ovoid, 2 or 2.5 cm long. The seeds are finely hairy (14).<\/span>\r\n\r\n<i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> rosa-sinensis<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> grows as a small evergreen tree or bushy shrub up to 2.5\u20135 m tall and 1.5\u20133 m wide<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Its l<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">eaves are small, ovate, petiolated and usually around 8 to 10.5 cm long. They are spirally arranged around a long stalk.\u00a0 Its flowers are bisexual, large, stalked and arising singly from the upper leaf axils. They can grow up to 25 cm wide. The five free petals joined at the base may be white, yellow or red colour (6).<\/span>","common_names":"<ul>\r\n \t<li><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> sabdariffa<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">roselle; Jamaica sorrel; red sorrel; sorrel; Indian sorrel; Asam susar<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Rosa- sinensis<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">dinner plate hibiscus; rose mallow; clown hibiscus; china rose; rose of Sharon.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\r\n\r\n<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Both of these species have some unique medicinal properties with a significant amount of cross over across the herbal literature. This monograph predominantly focuses on <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">H. sabdariffa<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, which is most widely used in herbal medicine. Throughout this monograph hibiscus is referring to the <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">H. sabdariffa <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">species.<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> H. rosa-sinensis<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is mentioned throughout and referred to under its scientific name for clarity.<\/span>","safety":"<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Use during pregnancy and lactation is not recommended on the basis of lack of data (13).<\/span>","interactions":"<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hibiscus should not be used alongside high blood pressure (antihypertensive drugs) due to its hypotensive effects.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hibiscus may reduce the effects of chloroquine (Aralen), simvastatin and diabetic medications (13).<\/span>","contraindications":"<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hibiscus should be avoided by those who have a known hypersensitivity to other plants of the same family (13).<\/span>","preparation":"<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tea (infusion)<\/span>","dosage":"<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Infusion<\/span><\/h3>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To make an infusion place <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1.25\u20131.5 g<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> teaspoon of dried material in 240 ml of boiling water, simmer gently for between 5\u201310 minutes. This should be drunk hot three times a day (13).<\/span>","constituents":"<ul>\r\n \t<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Organic acids:<\/strong> Citric, hydroxycitric, malic, tartaric and hibiscus (hibiscic) acids<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Phenolic acids:<\/strong> Protocatechuic, chlorogenic and caffeic acids<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Anthocyanins:<\/strong> Delphinidin and cyanidin-based anthocyanins, include delphinidin-3- sambubioside (hibiscin), cyanidin-3-sambubioside (gossypicyanin), cyanidin-3,5- diglucoside and delphinidin (anthocyanidin)<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Flavonoids:<\/strong> Hibiscetin-3-glucoside (hibiscitrin), gossypitrin, gossytrin, sabdaritrin, quercetin (and its glycoside), luteolin (and its glycoside), rutin and kaempferol<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Mucilage polysaccharides<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Miscellaneous:<\/strong> Vitamin C, pectin, carbohydrates (arabinose, galactose, glucose, rhamnose) and volatile compounds (fatty acid derivatives and others) (13)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","plant_part_used":"<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The calyx (the structure around the petals) is the primary plant part used (1). The leaves, seeds, and flowers are also used in local forms of traditional medicine (1).<\/span>"},"habitat":"<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The native range of<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> H. sabdaffira<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is West Africa and Sudan. It grows primarily in the seasonally dry tropical biome (15)<\/span>\r\n\r\n<i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hibiscus rosa-sinensis<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is understood to have been derived through hybridisation of around eight hibiscus species that are native to the West Pacific (16).<\/span>","sustainability":"<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The IUCN red list of threatened species does not yet include information on the at risk status of this species.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Habitat loss and over-harvesting from the wild are two of the biggest threats faced by medicinal plant species. There are an increasing number of well-known herbal medicines at risk of extinction. We must therefore ensure that we source our medicines with sustainability in mind.\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The herb supplement industry is growing at a rapid rate and until recent years a vast majority of medicinal plant produce in global trade was of unknown origin. There are some very real and urgent issues surrounding sustainability in the herb industry. These include environmental factors that effect the medicinal viability of herbs, the safety of the habitats that they are taken from, as well as the welfare of workers in the trade.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The botanical supply chain efforts for improved visibility (transparency and traceability) into verifiably sustainable production sites around the world is now certificated through the emergence of credible international voluntary sustainability standards (VSS).\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Read our article on <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.herbalreality.com\/herbalism\/safety\/herbal-quality-safety-what-know-before-you-buy\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Herbal quality &amp; safety: What to know before you buy<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.herbalreality.com\/herbalism\/western-herbal-medicine\/sustainable-herbalism-clinical-practice\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sustainable sourcing of herbs<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to learn more about what to look for and questions to ask suppliers about sustainability.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\r\n<\/span>","sustainability_content":"","sustainability_alternatives":"","quality_control":"<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A study was carried out to identify the best extraction method for hibiscus. The research suggests that water is the best solvent for extracting the four anthocyanins. An extraction time of ten minutes also presented with the highest level of phenolics in comparison to ethyl acetate and hexane extractions (17).<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Herbal medicines are often extremely safe to take, however it is important to buy from a reputed supplier. Sometimes herbs bought from unreputable sources are contaminated, adulterated or substituted with incorrect plant matter.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Some important markers for quality to look for would be to look for certified organic labelling, ensuring that the correct scientific\/botanical name is used and that suppliers can provide information about the source of ingredients used in the product.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A supplier should be able to tell you where the herbs have come from. There is more space for contamination and adulteration when the supply chain is unknown.<\/span>","how_to_grow":"<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hibiscus is easy to grow either outdoors or indoors. To grow outdoors hibiscus must <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">be positioned in moist but well-draining soil in a warm and sunny location, ideally sheltered from winds. They also do well in pots of loam-based, peat-free compost.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To grow hibiscus indoors place in a bright position but away from full, direct sunlight. They need a minimum temperature of 7\u201310\u00b0C and a high humidity, so do well in bright, but not sunny, bathrooms.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Outdoor hibiscus plants may be fed annually in spring, with a slow-release, high potash formula, such as rose food. To suppress weeds and help maintain soil moisture levels mulch in autumn.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Once the plant reaches 1.5m or taller (it may take three years to reach this size) it will of benefit to prune annually to keep in shape. If left unpruned, the outer branches may become damaged from the weight of the leaves. It is best to prune after flowering, cutting each branch back to a leaf node at a desired height, removing old wood from the centre of the plant (18).<\/span>","recipe":"[caption id=\"attachment_12370\" align=\"alignright\" width=\"432\"]<img class=\" wp-image-12370\" src=\"https:\/\/i.herbalreality.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/03193446\/Hibiscus-tea-Hibiscus-sabdariffa-600x400.jpg\" alt=\"Hibiscus tea (Hibiscus sabdariffa)\" width=\"432\" height=\"288\" \/> Hibiscus tea (<em>Hibiscus sabdariffa<\/em>)[\/caption]\r\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hibiscus cold infusion<\/span><\/h3>\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ingredients<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">20\u201330g hibiscus (dried)<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1 unwaxed organic lemon (whole)<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2 litres of spring water\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nMethod\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Simply place the hibiscus flowers into a large jug of spring water. Squeeze the lemon juice and then chop up the lemon rind, adding this into the infusion.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Infuse in the refrigerator for between 24\u201348 hours. You can then pour off the beautiful refreshing cold infusion into a glass and drink freely throughout the day for a refreshing cold and cleansing, health-enhancing tipple!<\/span>","references":"<ol>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Engels. G. Herb Profile: Hibiscus. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">HerbalGram.<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a02007;\u00a074:1-6 American Botanical Council. Accessed at. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.herbalgram.org\/resources\/herbalgram\/issues\/74\/table-of-contents\/article3102\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.herbalgram.org\/resources\/herbalgram\/issues\/74\/table-of-contents\/article3102\/<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Accessed May 20, 2024.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Frawley D, Vasant Lad. The Yoga of Herbs: An Ayurvedic Guide to Herbal Medicine. Motilal Banarsidass; 2016.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Flower Power: Hibiscus sabdariffa extract to prevent UTIs and dyslipidemia. NutraIngredients USA. Published February 17, 2020. Accessed April 26, 2024. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nutraingredients-usa.com\/News\/Promotional-Features\/Flower-Power-Hibiscus-sabdariffa-extract-to-prevent-UTIs-and-dyslipidemia\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.nutraingredients-usa.com\/News\/Promotional-Features\/Flower-Power-Hibiscus-sabdariffa-extract-to-prevent-UTIs-and-dyslipidemia<\/span><\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Serban C, Sahebkar A, Ursoniu S, Andrica F, Banach M. Effect of sour tea (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) on arterial hypertension. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">J Hypertens<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. 2015;33(6):1119-1127. doi:10.1097\/hjh.0000000000000585<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chang HC, Peng CH, Yeh DM, Kao ES, Wang CJ. Hibiscus sabdariffa extract inhibits obesity and fat accumulation, and improves liver steatosis in humans. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Food &amp; Function<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. 2014;5(4):734. doi:<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/c3fo60495k\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/c3fo60495k<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\r\n<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Thulaja NR. Hibiscus (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis). National Library Board Singapore. December 2020. Accessed May 22, 2024. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nlb.gov.sg\/main\/article-detail?cmsuuid=58f5f860-ace3-4819-82c5-be7d2477855f#:~:text=Hibiscus%20leaves%20are%20ovate%2C%20simple\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.nlb.gov.sg\/main\/article-detail?cmsuuid=58f5f860-ace3-4819-82c5-be7d2477855f#:~:text=Hibiscus%20leaves%20are%20ovate%2C%20simple<\/a>.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Gulati K, Verma P, Rai N, Ray A. Chapter 7 - Role of nutraceuticals in respiratory and allied diseases. ScienceDirect. Published January 1, 2021. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/B9780128210383000070\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/B9780128210383000070<\/span><\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Wood M. The Earthwise Herbal: A Complete Guide to Old World Medicinal Plants. North Atlantic Books; 2003.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Salem MA, Ezzat SM, Ahmed KA, Alseekh S, Fernie AR, Essam RM. A Comparative Study of the Antihypertensive and Cardioprotective Potentials of Hot and Cold Aqueous Extracts of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. in Relation to Their Metabolic Profiles. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Frontiers in Pharmacology<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. 2022;13. doi:<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2022.840478\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2022.840478<\/span><\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Herrera-Arellano A, Flores-Romero S, Ch\u00e1vez-Soto MA, Tortoriello J. Effectiveness and tolerability of a standardized extract from Hibiscus sabdariffa in patients with mild to moderate hypertension: a controlled and randomized clinical trial. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. 2004;11(5):375-382. doi:<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phymed.2004.04.001\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phymed.2004.04.001<\/span><\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sanadheera S, Subasinghe D, Solangaarachchi MN, Suraweera M, Suraweera NY, Tharangika N. Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. (red Hibiscus) Tea, Can It Be Used as A Home-Remedy to Control Diabetes and Hypercholesterolemia? <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Biology, Medicine, &amp; Natural Product Chemistry<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. 2021;10(1):59-65. doi:<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14421\/biomedich.2021.101.59-65\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14421\/biomedich.2021.101.59-65<\/span><\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sabzghabaee A, Ataei E, Kelishadi R, et al. Effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa Calices on Dyslipidemia in Obese Adolescents: A Triple-masked Randomized Controlled Trial. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Materia Socio Medica<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. 2013;25(2):76. doi:<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5455\/msm.2013.25.76-79\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5455\/msm.2013.25.76-79<\/span><\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Egyptian herbal monograph. Hibiscus. Vol: 21. Published 2023. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.edaegypt.gov.eg\/media\/hzynjgnk\/hibiscus-sabdariffa-l-\u0643\u0631\u0643\u062f\u064a\u0647.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.edaegypt.gov.eg\/media\/hzynjgnk\/hibiscus-sabdariffa-l-<\/a><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0643\u0631\u0643\u062f\u064a\u0647<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.pdf. Accessed April 24, 2024.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hibiscus sabdariffa L. NYBG Steere Herbarium. Accessed April 24, 2024. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/sweetgum.nybg.org\/science\/world-flora\/monographs-details\/?irn=21841\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/sweetgum.nybg.org\/science\/world-flora\/monographs-details\/?irn=21841<\/span><\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hibiscus sabdariffa L. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science. Plants of the World Online. https:\/\/powo.science.kew.org\/taxon\/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:326388-2<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hibiscus \u00d7 rosa-sinensis L. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science. Plants of the World Online. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/powo.science.kew.org\/taxon\/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:560756-1#synonyms\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/powo.science.kew.org\/taxon\/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:560756-1#synonyms<\/span><\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">HerbClip: Water Extraction Yields the Highest Concentration of Phenolic Compounds from Hibiscus Flowers. cms.herbalgram.org. Accessed April 25, 2024. <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/cms.herbalgram.org\/herbclip\/513\/091423-513.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">http:\/\/cms.herbalgram.org\/herbclip\/513\/091423-513.html<\/span><\/a><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">How to grow hibiscus. BBC Gardeners World Magazine. Published May 18, 2021 <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gardenersworld.com\/how-to\/grow-plants\/how-to-grow-hibiscus\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/www.gardenersworld.com\/how-to\/grow-plants\/how-to-grow-hibiscus\/<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Accessed April 21, 2024<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>","related_condition":[9895,9321],"related_herb":[11504,3982],"related_article":[11021,4848],"herb_overview_content_one":"","herb_overview_content_two":"","herb_overview_content_three":"","herb_overview_content_four":"","herb_overview_content_five":"","herb_overview_content_six":"","herb_overview_content_seven":"","herb_overview_content_eight":"","botany":"","botanical_description":"","botanical_image":null,"common_names":"","herbal_preperation_image":null,"preparation":"","plant_part_used":"","dosage":"","constituents":"","recipe_image":null,"safety_post":null,"safety":"","interactions":"","contraindications":"","sustainability_image_one":null,"sustainability_image_two":null,"faqs":null,"not_suitable_for":[]},"featured_image_urls_v2":{"full":["https:\/\/i.herbalreality.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/18132645\/Hibiscus-flower-Hibiscus-sabdariffa.jpg",1000,667,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/i.herbalreality.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/18132645\/Hibiscus-flower-Hibiscus-sabdariffa-600x600.jpg",600,600,true],"medium":["https:\/\/i.herbalreality.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/18132645\/Hibiscus-flower-Hibiscus-sabdariffa-600x400.jpg",600,400,true],"large":["https:\/\/i.herbalreality.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/18132645\/Hibiscus-flower-Hibiscus-sabdariffa.jpg",580,387,false],"banner_image":["https:\/\/i.herbalreality.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/18132645\/Hibiscus-flower-Hibiscus-sabdariffa.jpg",1000,667,false],"gform-image-choice-sm":["https:\/\/i.herbalreality.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/18132645\/Hibiscus-flower-Hibiscus-sabdariffa.jpg",300,200,false],"gform-image-choice-md":["https:\/\/i.herbalreality.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/18132645\/Hibiscus-flower-Hibiscus-sabdariffa.jpg",400,267,false],"gform-image-choice-lg":["https:\/\/i.herbalreality.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/18132645\/Hibiscus-flower-Hibiscus-sabdariffa.jpg",600,400,false]},"post_excerpt_stackable_v2":"","category_list_v2":"","author_info_v2":{"name":"","url":""},"comments_num_v2":"0 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